背(bei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)：海(hai)綿城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)概(gai)念的提出背(bei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)源于(yu)全(quan)球(qiu)快速城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)和(he)(he)氣候變(bian)化(hua)帶來的嚴峻城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境問(wen)題。氣候變(bian)暖(nuan)導致(zhi)自(zi)然(ran)水(shui)(shui)文(wen)循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的變(bian)化(hua)，極端降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)的發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)頻(pin)率(lv)和(he)(he)強(qiang)度增加，許多城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)面臨著(zhu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)排放(fang)不暢、內澇頻(pin)發(fa)、水(shui)(shui)資源短(duan)缺、水(shui)(shui)污染等(deng)多重挑戰。傳統(tong)的城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)模式注重硬質地表和(he)(he)排水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)，忽視了自(zi)然(ran)水(shui)(shui)循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)(huan)過程(cheng)，導致(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境惡化(hua)，尤其(qi)在雨(yu)(yu)(yu)季時，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)洪澇災害頻(pin)發(fa)，嚴重影響居民生(sheng)(sheng)活和(he)(he)經濟(ji)發(fa)展。在這種(zhong)背(bei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)，海(hai)綿城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)理念應運而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)。海(hai)綿城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)強(qiang)調通過城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)計和(he)(he)規(gui)劃(hua)，使(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)像海(hai)綿一樣，能夠自(zi)然(ran)地吸收、蓄(xu)滲和(he)(he)凈化(hua)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)，促進水(shui)(shui)資源的循(xun)(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)(huan)利(li)用。其(qi)主要目標是增強(qiang)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)的防洪抗澇能力，提高雨(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)資源利(li)用率(lv)，改善城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)(huan)境，提升居民生(sheng)(sheng)活質量。