背(bei)景(jing)：海綿(mian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)概念的提出(chu)背(bei)景(jing)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)全(quan)球快(kuai)速城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)化和(he)氣候(hou)變(bian)化帶來的嚴峻城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)環(huan)境問(wen)題。氣候(hou)變(bian)暖導致自(zi)(zi)然(ran)水(shui)(shui)文循環(huan)的變(bian)化，極(ji)端降雨(yu)的發生(sheng)頻(pin)率(lv)和(he)強(qiang)度增加，許(xu)多(duo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)面臨(lin)著雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)排放不暢、內澇(lao)頻(pin)發、水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)短缺、水(shui)(shui)污染(ran)等(deng)多(duo)重(zhong)挑戰。傳統(tong)的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建設模式注(zhu)重(zhong)硬質(zhi)地表和(he)排水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)，忽視了自(zi)(zi)然(ran)水(shui)(shui)循環(huan)過程，導致城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態環(huan)境惡化，尤其(qi)在(zai)雨(yu)季時，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)洪(hong)澇(lao)災害(hai)頻(pin)發，嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)居民生(sheng)活和(he)經濟發展。在(zai)這種背(bei)景(jing)下，海綿(mian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)理念應運而生(sheng)。海綿(mian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)強(qiang)調通過城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)設計和(he)規劃(hua)，使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)像海綿(mian)一樣，能夠自(zi)(zi)然(ran)地吸收、蓄(xu)滲和(he)凈化雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)，促進水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的循環(huan)利用。其(qi)主要目標是(shi)增強(qiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的防洪(hong)抗澇(lao)能力，提高雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)利用率(lv)，改(gai)善城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態環(huan)境，提升居民生(sheng)活質(zhi)量。